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You are at the section Fun With Math-Superpowerition: Inventing a Super Power Operation

0 ✱ b

The Superpowerition expression 0 ✱ b is undefined, as is the expression 0 ✱ 0. As you might recall, even though 0ⁿ (where b > 0) = 0, the expression 0⁰ is undefined. Furthermore, 0ⁿ (where b < 0) is also undefined.

Let's see why. Let's try out some variables for a using the formula a ^ (a ^ (b - 1)) as it becomes 0 ^ (0 ^ (b - 1)).

0 ✱ 4 = 0 ^ (0 ^ (4 - 1)) = 0 ^ (0 ^ 3) = 0 ^ 0 = undefined
0 ✱ 2 = 0 ^ (0 ^ (2 - 1)) = 0 ^ (0 ^ 1) = 0 ^ 0 = undefined
0 ✱ 1 = 0 ^ (0 ^ (1 - 1)) = 0 ^ (0 ^ 0) = 0 ^ (undefined) = undefined
0 ✱ 0 = 0 ^ (0 ^ (0 - 1)) = 0 ^ (0 ^ −1) = 0 ^ (undefined) = undefined

So there you have it. You can't use the Superpowerition expression 0 ✱ b for any variable b at all since this results in the formula 0 ^ (0 ^ (b - 1)), and you can't take zero to the power of zero or a negative number.

There is a debate, however, whether the expression 0⁰ is undefined or the number 1.

According to the rules of exponentation for some numbers, n⁰ = 1. Examples: 1⁰ = 1, -1⁰ = 1, 6⁰ = 1, 3,616⁰ = 1, even π⁰ = 1.

And for values of n (where n > 0) in the expression 0ⁿ: 0⁹ = 0, ⁴ = 0, 01/2 = 0, 0¹ = 0, and yes, 0π = 0

Let's let n⁰ and 0ⁿ as well as n¹1 and 1ⁿ, battle it out with each other, going from 9 to -2:

Values for nn⁰0ⁿ1ⁿ
91091
81081
71071
61061
51051
41041
31031
21021
11011
01?01
-11-11
-21-21

As you can see, n⁰ and 1ⁿ are always 1. n¹1 is always n. 0ⁿ is 0 as long as n is greater than 0, but once it hits 0, should there be a meaning? Also, if you attempt to take 0 to the exponent of a negative number, you get an error. You could for example try to convert 0-2 to another expression using this rule for negative exponent conversion:

a-b = 1 ÷ ab = (1 ÷ -b) √ a

And apply it to this:

0-2 = 1 ÷ 02 = (1 ÷ -2) √ 0

And you can see that you get a division by zero error, so therefore, you can't raise 0 to a negative exponent.

So if 0 raised to a positive number is 0, and 0 raised to a negative number is ∞ according to some, then what is 0 raised to the power of 0? If 0⁰ is 1 in the above calculations for 0 ✱ n, here is what we could get:

0 ✱ 4 = 0 ^ (0 ^ (4 - 1)) = 0 ^ (0 ^ 3) = 0 ^ 0 = [1?]
0 ✱ 2 = 0 ^ (0 ^ (2 - 1)) = 0 ^ (0 ^ 1) = 0 ^ 0 = [1?]
0 ✱ 1 = 0 ^ (0 ^ (1 - 1)) = 0 ^ (0 ^ 0) = 0 ^ [1?] = [0?]
0 ✱ 0 = 0 ^ (0 ^ (0 - 1)) = 0 ^ (0 ^ −1) = 0 ^ [∞] = [1?]

As you can see from 0 ✱ 4 and 0 ✱ 2, the answer could work out to be 1. For 0 ✱ 1, the answer could be 0, but for 0 ✱ 0, since infinity could be one number lower than the lowest negative number and one number higher than the highest positive number, based on the way zero to positive powers are 0 and zero to negative powers are infinity, and zero to the power of zero could be 1, zero to the power of infinity might be 1 as well.

Continue on with your debates on raising zero to negative, zero and infinity exponents.

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Fun With Math-Superpowerition: Inventing a Super Power Operation Main Page Introduction Comparing The Math Operators I Comparing The Math Operators II Using Numbers 3 and Higher 1 ✱ b a ✱ 1 a ✱ 0 0 ✱ b a ✱ -b -a ✱ b -a ✱ -b Formula Summary So Far Integer a > 1 ✱ Decimal b > 1 Integer a > 1 ✱ Decimal 0 < b < 1 Integer a > 1 ✱ Decimal b < 0 Decimal a > 1 ✱ Decimal b > 1 Decimal a > 1 ✱ Decimal 0 < b < 1 Decimal a > 1 ✱ Decimal b < 0 Decimal 0 < a < 1 ✱ Decimal b > 1 Decimal 0 < a < 1 ✱ Decimal 0 < b < 1 Decimal 0 < a < 1 ✱ Decimal b < 0 Decimal -2 < a < 0 ✱ Decimal -1 < b < 2 Formula Summary So Far II Why 2 ✱ 0 is Not 1 Finding The Inverse Operations 1.25 ✱ -10 to 10 1.5 ✱ -10 to 10 1.75 ✱ -10 to 10 2 ✱ -10 to 10 2.5 ✱ -10 to 10 3 ✱ -10 to 10 3.5 ✱ -10 to 10 4 ✱ -10 to 10 4.5 ✱ -10 to 10 5 ✱ -10 to 10 6 ✱ -10 to 10 7 ✱ -10 to 10 8 ✱ -10 to 10 9 ✱ -10 to 10 10 ✱ -10 to 10
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