So I decided to line up the Martian Period of Mars Day of 0.00000 with the exact Julian Period Day of 0.00000 when it was 12pm on January 1, 4713 B.C. and from that point are where both periods begin counting up forwards.
The question remains on what basis would the Martian Period of Mars Day would increment? To make it change on the same date as the Julian Period Day would be redundant, so instead, I would increment it by 1.0 for every 1.02749125170 Earth days since the Martian Day (or Sol) is longer than Earth's by 39 minutes and 35.244147 seconds.
The Martian Period of Mars Day will reflect the time on their version of the Greenwich Meridian Time at zero degrees longtitude, whereever that may be. We don't know but that's not important for our purpose.
For each Julian Period Day on Earth, note that the new day begins at noon local time. We'll say that the numbers converted to the Martian Period of Mars Day will be at noon on Earth time.
Julian Period Day 0.000 began at noon on January 1, 4713 B.C Julian-1 calendar, or January 1, -4712 Julian-1 year decimalized.
To convert from the Julian Period Day to the Martian Period of Mars Day...
Julian Period Day ÷ 1.02749125170 (the length of the Martian sol in Earth Days)
MPMD = JPD / 1.02749125170
For example, January 1, 2016 Julian-1 Date (or January 14, 2016 Gregorian Date) corresponds to Julian Period Day 2457402. To get the Martian Period of Mars Day, divide 1.02749125170 into 2457402 and you get 2391652.479701594.
A recap: To convert from the Julian Period Day to the Julian Period Year...
Julian Period Day ÷ 365.25
JPY = JPD / 365.25
To convert from the Julian Period Day to the Martian Calendar of Earth Year, which is the same thing as the Martian Synodic Year...
Julian Period Day ÷ 686.97258
MCEY = JPD / 686.97258
This formula below should give the same result:
To convert from the Martian Period of Mars Day to the Martian Period of Mars Year, which is the same thing as the Martian Synodic Year...
Martian Period of Mars Day ÷ 668.592018
MPMY = MPMD / 668.592018
With this formula, Julian Period Day 687 would be Martian Period of Earth Year 1.00003991425684
January 1, 2016 Julian-1 Date (or January 14, 2016 Gregorian Date) corresponds to Julian Period Day 2457402.
To get the Martian Period of Earth Year, divide 686.97258 into 2457402 and you get 3577.147140283241.
To get the Julian Period Year, divide 365.25 into 2457402 and you get 6728.
To get the Julian-1 Year, subtract 4712 from 6728 to get 2016.
Mars
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