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On Beyond Z

Let's go on beyond the letter Z and see what letters existed in the past or may still be present on some alphabets of the world!

DZ listing of Letters Character Entities
Hexadecimal HTMLALT+DecimalGlyphDescription
Dz0498DzLatin Capital D Small Z Digraph
Dž0453DžLatin Capital D Small Z Digraph with caron
DZ0497DZLatin Capital DZ Digraph
dz0499dzLatin Lower DZ Digraph
DŽ0452DŽLatin Capital DZ Digraph with caron
dž0454džLatin Lower DZ Digraph with caron
ʣ0675ʣLatin Lower DZ Ligature
ʥ0677ʥLatin Lower DZ Ligature with curl
IJ listing of Letters Character Entities
Hexadecimal HTMLALT+DecimalGlyphDescription
IJ0306IJLatin Capital Ligature IJ
ij0307ijLatin Lower Ligature IJ
LJ listing of Letters Character Entities
Hexadecimal HTMLALT+DecimalGlyphDescription
Lj0456LjCapital L Small J Digraph
LJ0455LJLatin Capital LJ Digraph
lj0457ljLatin Lower LJ Digraph
NJ listing of Letters Character Entities
Hexadecimal HTMLALT+DecimalGlyphDescription
Nj0459NjCapital N Small J Digraph
NJ0458NJLatin Capital NJ Digraph
nj0460njLatin Lower NJ Digraph
"Way Beyond Z" listing of Letters Character Entities
Hexadecimal HTMLALT+DecimalGlyphDescription
English: The letter ET looks like the digit 7, but was replaced by the ampersand.
character not available

English: This character was once a letter representing ET and evolved from looking like the digit 7, but relegated as a special symbol.
&0038&& Ampersand

English and Spanish: These are just the letters A and E smashed together!
Æ0198ÆÆ Latin Capital ASH or AE Ligature
æ0230ææ Latin Lower ASH or AE Ligature
Ǽ0508ǼLatin Capital ASH or AE Ligature with acute
ǽ0509ǽLatin Lower ASH or AE Ligature with acute
Ǣ0482ǢLatin Capital ASH or AE Ligature with macron
ǣ0483ǣLatin Lower ASH or AE Ligature with macron

English and Spanish: This is just the letter D with a line through it. It was used for the sound "th".
Ð0208ÐLatin Capital ETH
ð0240ðLatin Lower ETH

English and Spanish: These are just the letters O and E smashed together.
Œ0338ŒŒ Latin Capital ETHEL or Ligature OE
ɶ0630ɶLatin Letter Small Capital ETHEL or Ligature OE
œ0339œœ Latin Small ETHEL or Ligature OE

English: This looks like a fancy letter N.
Ŋ0330ŊLatin Capital ENG
ŋ0331ŋLatin Lower ENG

This looks like a pairing of the capital letter E with a lower case letter F.
Ʃ0425ƩLatin Capital ESH
ʃ0643ʃLatin Lower ESH
ʆ0646ʆLatin Lower ESH with curl

This is borrowed from the Greek alphabet. No Latin upper case version available.
ɸ0632ɸLatin Lower PHI

English and Spanish: The letter W replaced it.
Ƿ0503ǷLatin Capital WYNN (sound of W)
ƿ0447ƿLatin Lower WYNN (sound of W)

English and Spanish: This letter represents the present combo of the "th" sound, but since many typesetters didn't have that character, they used the letter "y"
Þ0222ÞLatin Capital THORN
þ0254þLatin Lower THORN

English: The letter THAT is the letter THORN with a hat on top. It was shorthand for the word "that."
character not available

English: This character looked too much like the letter "F"
ſ0383ſLatin Lower long S
ẛ7835Latin Lower long S with dot above

English: The letter Insular G was an ascendent of the letter YOGH, but when the letter "G" was invented, this letter was no longer needed.
Ᵹ42877Latin Capital Insular G
ᵹ7545Latin Lower Insular G

English and Spanish: This looks like the number 3
Ȝ0540ȜLatin Capital YOGH (sounds of Y, G or another letter)
ȝ0541ȝLatin Lower YOGH (sounds of Y, G or another letter)

Looks like the letter "B".
ẞ7838Latin Capital Sharp S
ß0223ßLatin Lower Sharp S

Spanish: CH (the "ch" sound) was once a distinct letter of the Spanish alphabet until 1994. The letters "c" and "h" form the redundant letter.
Ch0067 (C)
0104 (h)
ChLatin Capital C Lower H Digraph
ch0099 (c)
0104 (h)
chLatin Lower C Lower H Digraph
Resurrection Idea: LETTER CHAY: A "C" TILDE to represent "CH"
C̃0067 (C)
0771
Latin Capital CHAY or C with tilde
c̃0099 (c)
0771
Latin Lower CHAY or C with tilde

Spanish: LL (sounded like the English letter "Y") was once a distinct letter of the Spanish alphabet until 1994. A double "L" made it redundant.
Ll0076 (L)
0108 (l)
LlLatin Capital L Lower L Digraph
ll0108 (l)
0108 (l)
llLatin Lower L Lower L Digraph
Resurrection Idea: LETTER YAY: AN "L" TILDE to represent "LL" NOTE: The English "ll" blend will still be pronounced to sound like a long "L" and the Spanish "ll" blend might still be pronounced like a "Y" but with a slight "J" sound before it! If the L TILDE is used, then it must be pronounced like the Spanish "ll" sound.
L̃0076 (L)
0771
Latin Capital YAY or L with tilde
l̃0108 (l)
0771
Latin Lower YAY or L with tilde

Spanish: RR (the rolling "R") hasn't been an official Spanish letter since the 1800s century. A double "R" made it redundant.
Rr0082 (R)
0114 (r)
RrLatin Capital R Lower R Digraph
rr0114 (r)
0114 (r)
rrLatin Lower R Lower R Digraph
Resurrection Idea: LETTER RAY: AN "R" TILDE to represent "RR" NOTE: The English "rr" blend will still be pronounced to sound like a long "r" and the Spanish "rr" blend might still be pronounced like a trilled (or rolling) "R". If the R TILDE is used, then it must be pronounced like a rolling Spanish "r" as intended.
R̃0082 (R)
0771
Latin Capital RAY or R with tilde
r̃0114 (r)
0771
Latin Lower RAY or R with tilde

New Letter Idea: LETTER WAY: A "W" TILDE to represent "WW" NOTE: The English "ww" blend will still be pronounced to sound like a long "w" and but if the W TILDE is used, then it must be pronounced like a trilled (or rolling) "W". Since the Spanish Alphabet uses the singular "w" only in words of foreign origin, the Spanish Alphabet could adapt the new letter into new words or just use the trilling "ww" blend for new Spanish words.
W̃0087 (W)
0771
Latin Capital WAY or W with tilde
w̃0119 (w)
0771
Latin Lower WAY or W with tilde

Compound Consonant Digraphs

These are groups of two or three consonants in words that makes a distinct consonant sound.

ch, ph (the "f" sound), sh, th, wh

Consonant Blends

These are groups of two or three consonants in words that blends to or more consonants together before or after a vowel or in between vowels. Sometimes one or both letters are silent. In the letter "Q"'s case, the letter "u" is next to it acting as a silent consonant instead of a vowel.

Consonant blends include bl, br, ck, cl, cr, dg, dj, dr, fl, fr, gh, gl, gr, kn, ng, pl, pr, qu (the "kw" sound), sc, sch, sk, sl, sm, sn, sp, spl, st, sw, tch, tr, tw, wr.

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